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          LV18-01-LCD应用编程-06-FreeType简介
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="4">NXP</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx" target="_blank">https://github.com/nxp-imx</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP imx开发资源GitHub组织，里边会有u-boot和linux内核的仓库</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">在线阅读linux kernel源码</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga" target="_blank">nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP linux内核仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga" target="_blank">nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP u-boot仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="2">I.MX6ULL</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/docs/en/data-sheet/IMX6ULLIEC.pdf" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications Processors for Industrial Products</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 芯片手册（datasheet，可以在线查看）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/webapp/Download?colCode=IMX6ULLRM&lang_cd=zh" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications ProcessorReference Manual</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 参考手册（下载后才能查看，需要登录NXP官网）</td>    </tr></table>
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<h1 id="一、LCD显示字符的方式？"><a href="#一、LCD显示字符的方式？" class="headerlink" title="一、LCD显示字符的方式？"></a><font size=3>一、LCD显示字符的方式？</font></h1><h2 id="1-原始方式——取模"><a href="#1-原始方式——取模" class="headerlink" title="1. 原始方式——取模"></a><font size=3>1. 原始方式——取模</font></h2><p>LCD 显示屏是由 width * height 个像素点构成的，显示字符，一个非常容易想到的方法便是对字符取模，然后在 LCD 屏上打点显示字符；以前学习过单片机的话，应该会接触过一些显示屏，如 oled、 或者其它一些点阵式的显示屏， 其实这些显示屏显示字符的原理都是一样的，如下所示：  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241014215505516.png" alt="image-20241014215505516" style="zoom:33%;" />

<p>我们可以通过一些字符取模软件获取到字符的子模； 所谓字模，其实就是一个二维数组， 用于表示字符点阵中，哪些小方块应该要填充颜色、哪些小方块不填充颜色。如上图“正”字符点阵，这是一个宽度为64（64 个小方块）、高度为 86（86 个小方块）的字符点阵， 我们会使用一个二维数组来表示这个字符点阵： </p>
 <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">unsigned char arr[86][8];</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>也就是一个 86 行 8 列的 unsigned char 类型数组， 数组存储的其实就是字符的位图数据， 字符点阵中的每一个小方块对应一个 bit 位，因为一行一共有 64 个小方块、也就对应 8 个字节（8 * 8 &#x3D; 64）； 将填充颜色的方块使用 1 表示、不填充颜色的方块使用 0 来表示，所以一个小方块刚好可以使用一个 bit 位来描述。</p>
<h2 id="2-有没有其他方式？"><a href="#2-有没有其他方式？" class="headerlink" title="2. 有没有其他方式？"></a><font size=3>2. 有没有其他方式？</font></h2><p>使用取模显示那种方式还是非常简单地，自己取模、自己写函数打点显示，但是取模很麻烦！实际的应用项目一般肯定不会这么干，除非我们的程序就是显示那么几个固定的字符。</p>
<p>操作系统中通常都会有很多的字体文件，如 Windows 系统“C:\Windows\Fonts”目录下就有很多的字体文件，如下所示：  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241014220500109.png" alt="image-20241014220500109" />

<p>字体文件的格式也有很多种，如 otf、 ttf、 ttc 等，这里就不列举了，有兴趣可以自己百度一下； Linux 系统中， 字体文件通常会放在&#x2F;usr&#x2F;share&#x2F;fonts 目录下，</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241014220630847.png" alt="image-20241014220630847" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>有了字体文件之后，我们就不需要再对字符进行取模了，它们已经编码进了字体文件中，我们只需要解析字体文件、访问字体文件，从字体文件中读取出字符的位图数据即可！</p>
<p>当然，这些复杂的解析过程并不需要我们自己去实现，有很多开源的字体引擎可以帮助我们来处理这些复杂的解析过程，如 freetype库。</p>
<h2 id="3-矢量字体"><a href="#3-矢量字体" class="headerlink" title="3. 矢量字体"></a><font size=3>3. 矢量字体</font></h2><p>使用点阵字库显示英文字母、汉字时， 大小固定， 如果放大缩小则会模糊甚至有锯齿出现，为了解决这个问题，引用矢量字体。矢量字体形成分三步：  </p>
<p>第1步 确定关键点（有些解释为字形，都是一个意思啦），</p>
<p>第2步 使用数学曲线（ 贝塞尔曲线） 连接头键点，</p>
<p>第3步 填充闭合区线内部空间。  </p>
<p>什么是关键点？以字母“ A”为例，它的的关键点如下图中的黄色所示。  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241017065032425.png" alt="image-20241017065032425" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>再用数学曲线(比如贝塞尔曲线)将关键点都连接起来， 得到一系列的封闭的曲线，如下图所示：  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241017065129404.png" alt="image-20241017065129404" style="zoom:68%;" />

<p>最后把封闭空间填满颜色，就显示出一个 A 字母，如下图所示：  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241017065215990.png" alt="image-20241017065215990" style="zoom:63%;" />

<p>如果需要放大或者缩小字体， 关键点的相对位置是不变的， 只要数学曲线平滑，字体就不会变形。  </p>
<h1 id="二、FreeType简介"><a href="#二、FreeType简介" class="headerlink" title="二、FreeType简介"></a><font size=3>二、FreeType简介</font></h1><h2 id="1-FteeType是什么？"><a href="#1-FteeType是什么？" class="headerlink" title="1. FteeType是什么？"></a><font size=3>1. FteeType是什么？</font></h2><p>FreeType 一个完全免费（开源）的软件字体引擎库，设计小巧、高效、高度可定制且可移植，它提供了统一的接口来访问多种不同格式的字体文件，从而实现矢量字体显示。  。 它提供了一个简单、易于使用且统一的接口来访问字体文件的内容，从而大大简化了这些任务。它有以下优点：</p>
<p>（1）支持多种字体格式文件，并提供了统一的访问接口；</p>
<p>（2）支持单色位图、反走样位图渲染，这使字体显示质量达到 Mac 的水平；</p>
<p>（3）采用面向对象思想设计，用户可以灵活的根据需要裁剪。</p>
<p>但 FreeType 也有缺点，它太大了，即使是裁剪后的阉割版，其代码量也有将近 12 万行，在Flash非常小的开发板可能放不下，此时可以考虑用代码量较小的 stb_truetype 库</p>
<p>“FreeType”也称为“FreeType 2”，以区别于旧的、已弃用的“FreeType 1”库， Freetype 1库已经不再维护和支持了。  FreeType 是一个免费、开源、可移植且高质量的字体引擎，</p>
<h2 id="2-官网在哪？"><a href="#2-官网在哪？" class="headerlink" title="2. 官网在哪？"></a><font size=3>2. 官网在哪？</font></h2><p>官网应该是这个：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://freetype.org/">The FreeType Project</a></p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241014221036577.png" alt="image-20241014221036577" />

<h2 id="3-参考文档"><a href="#3-参考文档" class="headerlink" title="3. 参考文档"></a><font size=3>3. 参考文档</font></h2><p>FreeType 库支持的功能很多、提供给用户的库函数也很多， 官网肯定也为我们提供了文档啦：</p>
<ul>
<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://freetype.org/freetype2/docs/documentation.html">FreeType Documentation</a></p>
</li>
<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://freetype.org/freetype2/docs/tutorial/step1.html">FreeType Tutorial &#x2F; I</a></p>
</li>
<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://freetype.org/freetype2/docs/tutorial/step2.html">FreeType Tutorial &#x2F; II</a></p>
</li>
<li><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://freetype.org/freetype2/docs/reference/index.html">FreeType-2.13.3 API Reference</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>这个链接是一份中文参考文档，可以作为参考：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.doc88.com/p-7178359224563.html?r=1">freetype使用详解(中文) - 道客巴巴 (doc88.com)</a>，我在本地也下载了一份：<a href="./LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/freetype%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3(%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87).pdf">freetype使用详解(中文).pdf</a></p>
<p>我们也可以下载每一个版本的文档：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/">Index of &#x2F;releases&#x2F;freetype&#x2F; (gnu.org)</a></p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241017075019925.png" alt="image-20241017075019925" />

<p>像这些带有doc的，都是对应版本的官方文档。下载后解压，主要可以看这个目录：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241017231255670.png" alt="image-20241017231255670" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h1 id="三、FreeType库移植"><a href="#三、FreeType库移植" class="headerlink" title="三、FreeType库移植"></a><font size=3>三、FreeType库移植</font></h1><h2 id="1-下载源码"><a href="#1-下载源码" class="headerlink" title="1. 下载源码"></a><font size=3>1. 下载源码</font></h2><p>我们到这里下载：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/">Index of &#x2F;releases&#x2F;freetype&#x2F; (gnu.org)</a></p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241014224235379.png" alt="image-20241014224235379" />

<p>正点原子出厂系统中的事2.6版本，这里选2.8版本，由于是第一次用，防止踩坑，和教程采用同一个版本。下载完毕后解压：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tar xf freetype-2.8.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">cd freetype-2.8</span><br><span class="line">ls</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241014224612686.png" alt="image-20241014224612686" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h2 id="2-编译源码"><a href="#2-编译源码" class="headerlink" title="2. 编译源码"></a><font size=3>2. 编译源码</font></h2><ul>
<li>创建安装目录</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir -p /home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/freetype_out</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>配置编译选项</li>
</ul>
<p>FreeType 库基于模块化设计，意味着我们可以对其进行裁剪，将不需要的功能模块从配置中移除，减小库文件的体积；除此之外，</p>
<p>FreeType 还支持很多配置选项， 如果想要对 FreeType 做一些自定义配置或者对其进行裁剪，可以参考 FreeType 源码目录下 docs&#x2F;CUSTOMIZE 文档，该文件对此有比较详细的说明，建议看一看，如果有需求的话。 docs 目录下还有其它很多的说明文档， 也都可以看一看。 </p>
<p>这里我们简单地配置一下，打开 include&#x2F;freetype&#x2F;config&#x2F;ftoption.h 文件：  </p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vim include/freetype/config/ftoption.h</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>该文件定义了很多的配置宏，我们可以选择使能或禁用这些配置选项，具体配置哪些功能，根据自己的需求来就是了，每一个配置宏都有详细地解释说明。 这里我们打开以下两个配置宏：  </p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> FT_CONFIG_OPTION_SYSTEM_ZLIB</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> FT_CONFIG_OPTION_USE_PNG</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们找到这两个宏，默认情况下，这两个都被注释掉了，所以是没有使能的； 把这两个宏的注释去掉，使能这两个配置宏。  但是我后来发现这里其实没必要注释掉，配置完之后会自动打开的，编译选项中是有这两个宏的：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sumu@sumu-virtual-machine:~/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8$ make</span><br><span class="line">./builds/unix/libtool --mode=compile arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pedantic -ansi -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/objs -I./builds/unix -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include -c -Wall -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/lib -DFT_CONFIG_OPTION_SYSTEM_ZLIB -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/lib -DFT_CONFIG_OPTION_USE_PNG -DFT_CONFIG_CONFIG_H=&quot;&lt;ftconfig.h&gt;&quot; -DFT2_BUILD_LIBRARY -DFT_CONFIG_MODULES_H=&quot;&lt;ftmodule.h&gt;&quot;  -o /home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/objs/ftsystem.lo /home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/src/base/ftsystem.c</span><br><span class="line">libtool: compile:  arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pedantic -ansi -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/objs -I./builds/unix -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include -c -Wall -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/lib -DFT_CONFIG_OPTION_SYSTEM_ZLIB -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/lib -DFT_CONFIG_OPTION_USE_PNG &quot;-DFT_CONFIG_CONFIG_H=&lt;ftconfig.h&gt;&quot; -DFT2_BUILD_LIBRARY &quot;-DFT_CONFIG_MODULES_H=&lt;ftmodule.h&gt;&quot; /home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/src/base/ftsystem.c  -fPIC -DPIC -o /home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/objs/.libs/ftsystem.o</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>第一个配置宏表示使用系统安装的 zlib 库，因为 FreeType 支持 Gzip 压缩文件，会使用到 zlib 库， zlib之前我们移植好了；第二个配置宏表示支持 PNG bitmap 位图，因为 FreeType 可以加载 PNG 格式的彩色位图字形，需要依赖于 libpng 库，这个库前面我们也是移植好了。  </p>
<p>配置好之后，保存、退出 ftoption.h 文件，接着执行如下命令对 FreeType 工程源码进行配置按理来说下面的配置应该就可以了：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">./configure --prefix=/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/freetype_out/ --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-zlib=yes --with-bzip2=no --with-png=yes --with-harfbuzz=no ZLIB_CFLAGS=&quot;-I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/lib&quot; ZLIB_LIBS=-lz LIBPNG_CFLAGS=&quot;-I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/lib&quot; LIBPNG_LIBS=-lpng</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>但是，这样配置的话，编译器无法生效：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241015074149487.png" alt="image-20241015074149487" />

<p>要通过export来设置CC环境变量才行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">export CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc</span><br><span class="line">./configure --prefix=/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/freetype_out/ --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-zlib=yes --with-bzip2=no --with-png=yes --with-harfbuzz=no ZLIB_CFLAGS=&quot;-I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/lib&quot; ZLIB_LIBS=-lz LIBPNG_CFLAGS=&quot;-I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/lib&quot; LIBPNG_LIBS=-lpng</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241015074333063.png" alt="image-20241015074333063" />

<p>但是这个时候最后编译会报找不到zlib和png的库，不是很清楚原因是什么，就暂时先通过export命令来设置一下LDFLAGS、CFLAGS、CPPFLAGS好了。但是这里就很奇怪，正点原子官方教程用的是 arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc  这个交叉编译工具链，不通过export命令设置那三个编译参数也能正常编译完成，我用arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc就会出现找不到库的情况，没搞明白，后面搞明白了再补充。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">export CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc</span><br><span class="line">export LDFLAGS=&quot;-L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/lib -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/lib&quot;</span><br><span class="line">export CFLAGS=&quot;-I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include&quot;</span><br><span class="line">export CPPFLAGS=&quot;-I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include&quot;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">./configure --prefix=/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/freetype_out/ --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-zlib=yes --with-bzip2=no --with-png=yes --with-harfbuzz=no ZLIB_CFLAGS=&quot;-I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/lib&quot; ZLIB_LIBS=-lz LIBPNG_CFLAGS=&quot;-I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/lib&quot; LIBPNG_LIBS=-lpng</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个配置命令很长，简单地提一下，具体的细节大家可以执行”.&#x2F;configure –help”查看配置帮助信息。</p>
<p>–prefix 选项指定 FreeType 库的安装目录； –host 选项设置为交叉编译器名称的前缀。</p>
<p>–with-zlib&#x3D;yes 表示使用 zlib；</p>
<p>–with-bzip2&#x3D;no 表示不使用 bzip2 库；</p>
<p>–with-png&#x3D;yes 表示使用 libpng 库；</p>
<p>–with-harfbuzz&#x3D;no 表示不使用 harfbuzz 库。  </p>
<p>ZLIB_CFLAGS 选项用于指定 zlib 的头文件路径和库文件路径，根据实际安装路径填写；</p>
<p>ZLIB_LIBS 选项指定链接的 zlib 库的名称；</p>
<p>LIBPNG_CFLAGS 选项用于指定 libpng 的头文件路径和库文件路径，根据实际安装路径填写；</p>
<p>LIBPNG_LIBS 选项用于指定链接的 libpng 库的名称。  </p>
<p>配置完毕的时候这两个应该是开启的：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241015074608820.png" alt="image-20241015074608820" />

<ul>
<li>编译</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">make</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>如果配置前没有加这几句的话，并且使用的是arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">export LDFLAGS=&quot;-L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/lib -L/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/lib&quot;</span><br><span class="line">export CFLAGS=&quot;-I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include&quot;</span><br><span class="line">export CPPFLAGS=&quot;-I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/zlib-1.2.10/zlib_out/include -I/home/sumu/9arm-linux-lib/libpng-1.6.44/libpng_out/include&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>应该会报这个错误：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241015074949082.png" alt="image-20241015074949082" />

<p>要是加了上面三个配置项，还是用arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc，就没问题了：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241015075719592.png" alt="image-20241015075719592" />

<ul>
<li>安装</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">make install</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241015075800634.png" alt="image-20241015075800634" />

<p>安装完毕后，我们会得到下面的文件：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241014230718118.png" alt="image-20241014230718118" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>首先我们把看一下交叉编译成功了没，看一下动态库文件的格式：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">file libfreetype.so.6.14.0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241014230614350.png" alt="image-20241014230614350" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>我们也顺便看一下有没有超链接，在拷贝的时候注意一下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sumu@sumu-virtual-machine:~/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/freetype_out$ tree</span><br><span class="line">.</span><br><span class="line">├── bin</span><br><span class="line">│   └── freetype-config</span><br><span class="line">├── include</span><br><span class="line">│   └── freetype2</span><br><span class="line">│       ├── freetype</span><br><span class="line">│       │   ├── config</span><br><span class="line">│       │   │   ├── ftconfig.h</span><br><span class="line">│       │   │   ├── ftheader.h</span><br><span class="line">│       │   │   ├── ftmodule.h</span><br><span class="line">│       │   │   ├── ftoption.h</span><br><span class="line">│       │   │   └── ftstdlib.h</span><br><span class="line">│       │   # 此处省略一些头文件的显示</span><br><span class="line">│       └── ft2build.h</span><br><span class="line">├── lib</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── libfreetype.a</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── libfreetype.la</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── libfreetype.so -&gt; libfreetype.so.6.14.0</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── libfreetype.so.6 -&gt; libfreetype.so.6.14.0</span><br><span class="line">│   ├── libfreetype.so.6.14.0</span><br><span class="line">│   └── pkgconfig</span><br><span class="line">│       └── freetype2.pc</span><br><span class="line">└── share</span><br><span class="line">    ├── aclocal</span><br><span class="line">    │   └── freetype2.m4</span><br><span class="line">    └── man</span><br><span class="line">        └── man1</span><br><span class="line">            └── freetype-config.1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">11 directories, 61 files</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会发现lib目录下有两个软链接，拷贝的时候需要注意一下。</p>
<h2 id="3-拷贝到共享目录"><a href="#3-拷贝到共享目录" class="headerlink" title="3. 拷贝到共享目录"></a><font size=3>3. 拷贝到共享目录</font></h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cp -avf ~/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/freetype_out ~/1sharedfiles/linux_develop/imx6ull-app-demo/lib/freetype-2.8</span><br><span class="line">cd ~/1sharedfiles/linux_develop/imx6ull-app-demo/lib/freetype-2.8/lib</span><br><span class="line">cp libfreetype.so.6.14.0 libfreetype.so</span><br><span class="line">cp libfreetype.so.6.14.0 libfreetype.so.6</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="4-移植到开发板"><a href="#4-移植到开发板" class="headerlink" title="4. 移植到开发板"></a><font size=3>4. 移植到开发板</font></h2><p>先拷贝到nfs服务器目录：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cp -a ~/9arm-linux-lib/freetype-2.8/freetype_out ~/4nfs/freetype-2.8</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后在串口终端，进入到 freetype 安装目录，将 lib 目录下的所有库文件拷贝到 Linux 系统&#x2F;usr&#x2F;lib 目录，注意在拷贝之前，先将开发板出厂系统中已经移植好的zlib库文件删除，执行下面这条命令：  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">先备份删除的文件</span></span><br><span class="line">cd /usr/lib</span><br><span class="line">ls -alh libfreetype.*</span><br><span class="line">tar -czf libfreetype_usr_lib.bk.tar.gz libfreetype.*</span><br><span class="line">mv libfreetype_usr_lib.bk.tar.gz ~/nfs_temp/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">rm -rf /usr/lib/libfreetype.*</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>删除之后，再将编译得到的 freetype 库文件拷贝到开发板&#x2F;usr&#x2F;lib 目录，拷贝库文件时，需要注意符号链接的问题，不能破坏原有的符号链接。  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cp -avf ~/nfs_temp/freetype-2.8/lib/libfreetype.* /usr/lib</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>拷贝完毕后检查一下软链接：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls -alh /usr/lib/libfreetype*</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV03-%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/LV18-01-LCD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B-06-FreeType%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/img/image-20241015230033213.png" alt="image-20241015230033213" />

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